seleinum框架
框架的思想： 解决我们测试过程中的问题：大量的重复步骤，用自动化来实现 1）配置和程序的分离 2）测试数据和程序的分离 3）不懂编程的人员可以方便使用：使用的时候不需要写程序 4）有日志功能，实现无人值守 5）自动发报告 6）框架中不要有重复的代码，实现高度的封装和复用
推荐使用关键字驱动、混合驱动
为什么要编写程序呢？
通用性的东西满足不了个性化的需求
测试的工具：python+selenium
接口测试用例：excel
一、搭建自动化测试的目录结构
分层如下： 1、Action包： 放置关键字文件 2、Config目录： 所有配置文件，日志的配置文件；把所有的项目相关的配置均放到这里，用python支持较好的配置文件格式ini进行配置。实现配置与代码的分离 3、Projvar包：项目所有的公共变量，如：目录、自定义变量名称； 4、ScreenCapture目录：存放截屏目录，按照年月日小时来建目录； 5、TestData目录：放测试将数据文件，可以把所有的testcase的参数化相关文件放在这里，一般采用xlsx、xml等格式。实现数据与代码分离； 6、TestScript包：测试脚本，主程序 7、Util包：封装的公共的类，包括读取config的类，写log的类，读取excel、xml 的类、生成报告的类（如HTMLTestRunner）、数据库的连接、发送邮件等类和方法，都在这里 8、ReadMe.txt（加个说明性文件，告诉团队框架需要使用的环境及方法）
二、搭建步骤 1、在ProjVar包创建一个var.py用来存放公共变量
import os #浏览器驱动存放的位置 firefoxDriverFilePath = "e:\\geckodriver" chromeDriverFilePath = "e:\\chromedriver" ieDriverFilePath = "e:\\IEDriverServer" # 当前文件所在目录的父目录的绝对路径 ProjDirPath = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) test_step_id_col_no = 0 test_step_result_col_no = 8 test_step_error_info_col_no = 9 test_step_capture_pic_path_col_no = 10 test_case_id_col_no= 0 test_case_sheet_name=2 test_case_is_executed_flag_col_no= 3 test_case_is_hybrid_test_data_sheet_col_no=4 test_case_start_time_col_no= 6 test_case_end_time_col_no= 7 test_case_elapsed_time_col_no= 8 test_case_result_col_no = 9 if __name__=="__mian__": print(ProjDirPath)
2、在Utli包里面创建公共的类、函数
2.1封装excel的类
from openpyxl import * import os.path from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle,Font, colors from ProjVar.var import * from Util.FromatTime import * class Excel: def __init__(self,excel_file_path): if os.path.exists(excel_file_path): self.excel_file_path = excel_file_path self.wb = load_workbook(self.excel_file_path) else: print("%s e文件的路劲不存在，请重新设定！" %excel_file_path) #通过sheet名字来获取操作的sheet def set_sheet_by_name(self,sheet_name): if sheet_name in self.wb.sheetnames: self.sheet = self.wb[sheet_name] else: print("%s sheet不存在，请重新指定！" %sheet_name) #通过序号来获取操作的sheet def set_sheet_by_index(self,index): if isinstance(index,int) and 1<= index <= len(self.get_all_sheet_names()): sheet_name = self.get_all_sheet_names()[index-1] self.sheet = self.wb[sheet_name] else: print("%s sheet 序号不存在，请重新设定" %index) #获取当前sheet和title的名称 def get_current_sheet_name(self): return self.sheet.title #获取所有sheet的名称 def get_all_sheet_names(self): return self.wb.sheetnames #获取sheet的总行数，从0开始，返回list def get_rows_object(self): return list(self.sheet.rows) #获取sheet的总列数，从0开始，返回list def get_cols_object(self): return list(self.sheet.columns) #获取某行的对象，第一行从0开始 def get_row(self,row_no): return self.get_rows_object()[row_no] #获取某一列对象，第一列从0开始 def get_col(self,col_no): return self.get_cols_object()[col_no] #获取某个单元格对象 def get_cell_value(self,row_no,col_no): if isinstance(row_no,int) and isinstance(col_no,int) and \ 1<=row_no<=len(self.get_rows_object()) and \ 1 <= row_no <= len(self.get_cols_object()): return self.sheet.cell(row=row_no, column=col_no).value else: print("%s,%s 行号或者列号不存在，请重新设定行号或者列表读取！" % (row_no,col_no)) #给某一个单元格写入指定内容，行号、列号从1开始 #调用此方法时，excel不要处于打开状态 def write_cell_value(self,row_no,col_no,value,color = None): if isinstance(row_no,int) and isinstance(col_no,int): if color is None: font = Font(bold=False, size=10, color=colors.BLACK) self.sheet.cell(row=row_no, column=col_no).font = font self.sheet.cell(row=row_no, column=col_no).value = value elif color == "green": font = Font(bold=True, size=13, color=colors.GREEN) self.sheet.cell(row=row_no, column=col_no).font = font self.sheet.cell(row=row_no, column=col_no).value = value elif color == "red": font = Font(bold=True, size=13, color=colors.RED) self.sheet.cell(row=row_no, column=col_no).font = font self.sheet.cell(row=row_no, column=col_no).value = value self.wb.save(self.excel_file_path) else: print("%s,%s 行号或者列号不是数字，请重新设定行号或者列表读取！" % (row_no, col_no)) def write_current_time(self,row_no,col_no): if isinstance(row_no, int) and isinstance(col_no, int): self.sheet.cell(row=row_no, column=col_no).value = get_current_date_and_time() self.wb.save(self.excel_file_path) if __name__ == "__main__": excel_file_path = ProjDirPath+r"\TestData\126邮箱联系人.xlsx" #print(excel_file_path ) excel_obj = Excel(excel_file_path) #Excel("e:\\a.xlsx") #测试路劲不存在的情况 # excel_obj.set_sheet_by_name("测试邮件") # excel_obj.set_sheet_by_name("测试邮件1111") excel_obj.set_sheet_by_index(1) # print(excel_obj.get_current_sheet_name()) #excel_obj.set_sheet_by_index(5) #print(excel_obj.get_rows_object()) #print(excel_obj.get_cols_object()) #print(excel_obj.get_row(2)) print(excel_obj.get_cell_value(2,2)) print(excel_obj.write_cell_value(5,7,"hello~~")) print(excel_obj.write_current_time(6,8))
2.2 封装获取页面元素的类
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait import time #获取单个页面元素对象 def getElement(driver,localtorType,localtorExpression): try: element = WebDriverWait(driver,5).until(lambda x:x.find_element(by = localtorType,value=localtorExpression)) return element except Exception as e: raise e #获取多个页面元素对象 def getElement(driver,localtorType,localtorExpression): try: elements = WebDriverWait(driver,5).until(lambda x:x.find_elements(by=localtorType,value=localtorExpression)) return elements except Exception as e: raise e if __name__ =="__main__": from selenium import webdriver #进行单元测试 driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path="e:\\geckodriver") driver.maximize_window() driver.get("https://mail.126.com/") time.sleep(2) lb = getElement(driver,"id","lbNormal") print(lb) driver.quit()
2.3 封装获取当前日期、时间的类
import time import datetime import locale # 获取当前的日期 def get_current_date(): time_tup = time.localtime() current_date = str(time_tup.tm_year) + "年" + \ str(time_tup.tm_mon) + "月" + str(time_tup.tm_mday)+"日" return current_date # 获取当前的时间 def get_current_time(): time_str = datetime.datetime.now() locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE, 'chinese') now_time = time_str.strftime('%H点%M分钟%S秒') return now_time # 获取当前的时间 def get_current_hour(): time_str = datetime.datetime.now() now_hour = time_str.strftime('%H') return now_hour def get_current_date_and_time(): return get_current_date()+" "+get_current_time() if __name__ == "__main__": print( get_current_date()) print(get_current_time()) print(get_current_hour()) print(get_current_date_and_time())
2.4 封装创建目录的类
import os from Util.FromatTime import * from ProjVar.var import * def make_dir(dir_path): if not os.path.exists(dir_path): try: os.mkdir(dir_path) except Exception as e: print("创建%s目录失败" %dir_path) raise e def make_current_date_dir(default_dir_path = None): if default_dir_path is None: dir_path = get_current_date() else: dir_path = os.path.join(default_dir_path,get_current_date()) if not os.path.exists(dir_path): try: os.mkdir(dir_path) except Exception as e: print("创建%s目录失败" % dir_path) raise e return dir_path def make_current_hour_dir(default_dir_path = None): if default_dir_path is None: dir_path = get_current_hour() else: dir_path = os.path.join(default_dir_path,get_current_hour()) if not os.path.exists(dir_path): try: os.mkdir(dir_path) except Exception as e: print("创建%s目录失败" % dir_path) raise e return dir_path if __name__ == "__main__": make_dir(ProjDirPath+"\\"+"ScreenCapture\\"+"pic") dir_path = make_current_date_dir(ProjDirPath+"\\"+"ScreenCapture\\") dir_path=make_current_hour_dir(dir_path+"\\") print(dir_path)
2.5 封装日志的类
#encoding=utf-8 import logging.config import logging from ProjVar.var import ProjDirPath print(ProjDirPath+"\\Conf\\"+"Logger.conf") #读取日志配置文件 logging.config.fileConfig(ProjDirPath+"\\Conf\\"+"Logger.conf") #选择一个日志格式 logger = logging.getLogger("example01") def debug(message): print ("debug") logger.debug(message) def info(message): logger.info(message) def error(message): print("error") logger.error(message) def warning(message): logger.warning(message) if __name__=="__main__": debug("hi") info("gloryroad") warning("hello") error("something error!")
2.6 封装显示等待的类
#encoding=utf-8 from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC class WaitUtil(object): def __init__(self,driver): self.locationTypeDict = { "xpath":By.XPATH, "id":By.ID, "name":By.NAME, "css_selector":By.CSS_SELECTOR, "class_name":By.CLASS_NAME, "tag_name":By.TAG_NAME, "link_text":By.LINK_TEXT, "partial_link_text":By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, } self.driver = driver self.wait = WebDriverWait(driver,30) def presenceOfElementLocated(self,locatorMethod,locatorExpression,*args): """显式等待页面元素出现在DOM中，但并不一定可见，存在则返回该页面元素""" try: #if self.locationTypeDict.has_key(locatorMethod.lower()): if locatorMethod.lower() in self.locationTypeDict: self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((self.locationTypeDict[locatorMethod.lower()],locatorExpression))) else: raise Exception(u"未找到定位方式，请确认定位方式是否书写正确") except Exception as e: raise e def frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt(self,locationType,locatorExpression,*args): """检查frame是否存在，存在则切换进frame控件中""" try: self.wait.until(EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it((self.locationTypeDict[locationType.lower()],locatorExpression))) except Exception as e: raise e def visibilityOfElementLocated(self,locationMethod,locatorExperssion,*args): """显式等待页面元素出现在DOM中，并且可见，存在则返回该页面元素对象""" try: self.wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((self.locationTypeDict[locationMethod.lower()],locatorExperssion))) except Exception as e: raise e if __name__ == "__main__": from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path = "e:\\geckodriver") driver.get("https://mail.126.com/") waitUtil = WaitUtil(driver) driver.find_element_by_id("lbNormal").click() # waitUtil.presenceOfElementLocated("id","lbNormal") waitUtil.frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt("xpath",'//iframe[contains(@id,"x-URS-iframe")]') waitUtil.visibilityOfElementLocated("xpath","//input[@name='email']") waitUtil.presenceOfElementLocated("xpath","//input[@name='email']") driver.quit()
3、在action包里面，创建关键字函数
#encoding=utf-8 from selenium import webdriver from ProjVar.var import * from Util.find import * from Util.KeyBoardUtil import KeyBoardKeys from Util.ClipboardUtil import Clipboard from Util.WaitUtil import WaitUtil from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options import time from Util.FromatTime import * #定义全局变量driver driver = None #定义全局的等待类实例对象 waitUtil = None def open(browserName): #打开浏览器 global driver,waitUtil try: if browserName.lower() == "ie": driver = webdriver.Ie(executable_path = ieDriverFilePath) elif browserName.lower == "chrome": #创建Chrome浏览器的一个Options实例对象 chrome_options = Options() #添加屏蔽--ignore--certificate--errors提示信息的设置参数项 chrome_options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches",["ignore-certificate-errors"]) driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path = chromeDriverFilePath,chrome_options = chrome_options) else: driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path = firefoxDriverFilePath) #driver对象创建成功后，创建等待类实例对象 waitUtil = WaitUtil(driver) except Exception as e: raise e def visit(url): #访问某个网站 global driver try: driver.get(url) except Exception as e: raise e def close_browser(): #关闭浏览器 global driver try: driver.quit() except Exception as e: raise e def sleep(sleepSeconds): #强制等待 try: time.sleep(int(sleepSeconds)) except Exception as e: raise e def clear(locationType,locatorExpression): #清空输入框默认内容 global driver try: getElement(driver,locationType,locatorExpression).clear() except Exception as e: raise e def input_string(locationType,locatorExpression,inputContent): #在页面输入框中输入数据 global driver try: getElement(driver,locationType,locatorExpression).send_keys(inputContent) except Exception as e: raise e def click(locationType,locatorExpression,*args): #点击页面元素 global driver try: getElement(driver,locationType,locatorExpression).click() except Exception as e: raise e def assert_string_in_pagesource(assertString,*args): #断言页面源码是否存在某个关键字或关键字符串 global driver try: assert assertString in driver.page_source,u"%s not found in page source!" % assertString except AssertionError as e: raise AssertionError(e) except Exception as e: raise e def assert_title(titleStr,*args): #断言页面标题是否存在给定的关键字符串 global driver try: assert titleStr in driver.title,u"%s not found in page title!" % titleStr except AssertionError as e: raise AssertionError(e) except Exception as e: raise e def getTitle(*args): #获取页面标题 global driver try: return driver.title except Exception as e: raise e def getPageSource(*args): #获取页面源码 global driver try: return driver.page_source except Exception as e: raise e def switch_to_frame(locationType,frameLocatorExpressoin,*args): #切换进frame global driver try: driver.switch_to.frame(getElement(driver,locationType,frameLocatorExpressoin)) except Exception as e: print("frame error!") raise e def switch_to_default_content(*args): #切换妯frame global driver try: driver.switch_to.default_content() except Exception as e: raise e def paste_string(pasteString,*args): #模拟Ctrl+V操作 try: Clipboard.setText(pasteString) #等待2秒，防止代码执行过快，而未成功粘贴内容 time.sleep(2) KeyBoardKeys.twoKeys("ctrl","v") except Exception as e: raise e def press_tab_key(*args): #模拟tab键 try: KeyBoardKeys.oneKey("tab") except Exception as e: raise e def press_enter_key(*args): #模拟enter键 try: KeyBoardKeys.oneKey("enter") except Exception as e: raise e def maximize(*args): #窗口最大化 global driver try: driver.maximize_window() except Exception as e: raise e def capture(file_path): try: driver.save_screenshot(file_path) except Exception as e: raise e def waitPresenceOfElementLocated(locationType,locatorExpression,*args): """显式等待页面元素出现在DOM中，但不一定可见，存在则返回该页面元素对象""" global waitUtil try: waitUtil.presenceOfElementLocated(locationType,locatorExpression) except Exception as e: raise e def waitFrameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt(locationType,locatorExprssion,*args): """检查frame是否存在，存在则切换进frame控件中""" global waitUtil try: waitUtil.frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt(locationType,locatorExprssion) except Exception as e: raise e def waitVisibilityOfElementLocated(locationType,locatorExpression,*args): """显式等待页面元素出现在Dom中，并且可见，存在返回该页面元素对象""" global waitUtil try: waitUtil.visibilityOfElementLocated(locationType,locatorExpression) except Exception as e: raise e
4、在Config目录下存放所有配置文件，比如：日志的配置文件；把所有的项目相关的配置均放到这里，实现配置与代码的分离
日志配置文件
[loggers] keys=root,example01,example02 [logger_root] level=DEBUG handlers=hand01,hand02 [logger_example01] handlers=hand01,hand02 qualname=example01 propagate=0 [logger_example02] handlers=hand01,hand03 qualname=example02 propagate=0 ############################################### [handlers] keys=hand01,hand02,hand03 [handler_hand01] class=StreamHandler level=DEBUG formatter=form01 args=(sys.stderr,) [handler_hand02] class=FileHandler level=DEBUG formatter=form01 args=('AutoTestLog.log', 'a') [handler_hand03] class=handlers.RotatingFileHandler level=INFO formatter=form01 args=('AutoTestLog.log', 'a', 10*1024*1024, 5) ############################################### [formatters] keys=form01,form02 [formatter_form01] format=%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s datefmt=%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S [formatter_form02] format=%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s datefmt=%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S
5、在ProjVar包里面存放项目所有的公共变量，如：目录、自定义变量名称；
6、ScreenCapture目录：所有生成的日志、截屏报告均放在这里
7、TestData目录：存放测试文件
126邮箱联系人.xlsx
8、TestScript包用来创建测试脚本，主程序
#encoding=utf-8 import re from Util.dir_opration import make_current_date_dir, make_current_hour_dir from Util.Excel import * from Action.PageAction import * import traceback from Util.log import * def get_test_case_sheet(test_cases_excel_path): test_case_sheet_names = [] excel_obj = Excel(test_cases_excel_path) excel_obj.set_sheet_by_index(1) test_case_rows = excel_obj.get_rows_object()[1:] for row in test_case_rows: if row[3].value=='y': print(row[2].value) test_case_sheet_names.append((int(row[0].value)+1,row[2].value)) return test_case_sheet_names #print(get_test_case_sheet(ProjDirPath+"\\TestData\\126邮箱联系人.xlsx")) def execute(test_cases_excel_path,row_no,test_case_sheet_name): excel_obj = Excel(test_cases_excel_path) excel_obj.set_sheet_by_name(test_case_sheet_name) #获取除第一行之外的所有行对象 test_step_rows = excel_obj.get_rows_object()[1:] #拼接开始时间：当前年月日+当前时间 start_time = get_current_date_and_time() #开始计时 start_time_stamp = time.time() #设置默认用例时执行成功的，如果抛异常则说明用例执行失败 test_result_flag = True for test_step_row in test_step_rows: if test_step_row[6].value == "y": test_action = test_step_row[2].value locator_method = test_step_row[3].value locator_exp = test_step_row[4].value test_value = test_step_row[5].value print(test_action,locator_method,locator_exp,test_value) if locator_method is None: if test_value is None: command = test_action + "()" else: command = test_action + "('%s')" %test_value else: if test_value is None: command = test_action + "('%s','%s')" %(locator_method,locator_exp) else: command = test_action + "('%s','%s','%s')" %(locator_method,locator_exp,test_value) print(command) eval(command) #处理异常 try: info(command) eval(command) excel_obj.write_cell_value(int(test_step_row[0].value) + 1, test_step_result_col_no, "执行成功") excel_obj.write_cell_value(int(test_step_row[0].value) + 1, test_step_error_info_col_no, "") excel_obj.write_cell_value(int(test_step_row[0].value) + 1, test_step_capture_pic_path_col_no, "") info("执行成功") # 加入日志信息 except Exception as e: test_result_flag = False traceback.print_exc() error(command + ":" + traceback.format_exc()) # 加入日志信息 excel_obj.write_cell_value(int(test_step_row[0].value) + 1, test_step_result_col_no, "失败", "red") excel_obj.write_cell_value(int(test_step_row[0].value) + 1, test_step_error_info_col_no, \ command + ":" + traceback.format_exc()) dir_path = make_current_date_dir(ProjDirPath + "\\" + "ScreenCapture\\") dir_path = make_current_hour_dir(dir_path + "\\") pic_path = os.path.join(dir_path, get_current_time() + ".png") capture(pic_path) excel_obj.write_cell_value(int(test_step_row[0].value) + 1, test_step_capture_pic_path_col_no, pic_path) # 拼接结束时间：年月日+当前时间 end_time = get_current_date() + " " + get_current_time() # 计时结束时间 end_time_stamp = time.time() # 执行用例时间等于结束时间-开始时间；需要转换数据类型int() elapsed_time = int(end_time_stamp - start_time_stamp) # 将时间转换成分钟；整除60 elapsed_minutes = int(elapsed_time // 60) # 将时间转换成秒；除60取余 elapsed_seconds = elapsed_time % 60 # 拼接用例执行时间；分+秒 elapsed_time = str(elapsed_minutes) + "分" + str(elapsed_seconds) + "秒" # 判断用例是否执行成功 if test_result_flag: test_case_result = "测试用例执行成功" else: test_case_result = "测试用例执行失败" # 需要写入的时第一个sheet excel_obj.set_sheet_by_index(1) # 写入开始时间 excel_obj.write_cell_value(int(row_no), test_case_start_time_col_no, start_time) # 写入结束时间 excel_obj.write_cell_value(int(row_no), test_case_end_time_col_no, end_time) # 写入执行时间 excel_obj.write_cell_value(int(row_no), test_case_elapsed_time_col_no, elapsed_time) # 写入执行结果； if test_result_flag: # 用例执行成功，写入执行结果 excel_obj.write_cell_value(int(row_no), test_case_result_col_no, test_case_result) else: # 用例执行失败，用red字体写入执行结果 excel_obj.write_cell_value(int(row_no), test_case_result_col_no, test_case_result, "red") # 清理excel记录的结果数据 def clear_test_data_file_info(test_data_excel_file_path): excel_obj = Excel(test_data_excel_file_path) excel_obj.set_sheet_by_index(1) test_case_rows = excel_obj.get_rows_object()[1:] for test_step_row in test_case_rows: excel_obj.set_sheet_by_index(1) if test_step_row[test_case_is_executed_flag_row_no].value == "y": excel_obj.write_cell_value( int(test_step_row[test_case_id_col_no].value) + 1, test_case_start_time_col_no, "") excel_obj.write_cell_value( int(test_step_row[test_case_id_col_no].value) + 1, test_case_end_time_col_no, "") excel_obj.write_cell_value( int(test_step_row[test_case_id_col_no].value) + 1, test_case_elapsed_time_col_no, "") excel_obj.write_cell_value( int(test_step_row[test_case_id_col_no].value) + 1, test_case_result_col_no, "") excel_obj.set_sheet_by_name(test_step_row[test_case_sheet_name].value) test_step_rows = excel_obj.get_rows_object()[1:] for test_step_row in test_step_rows: if test_step_row[test_step_id_col_no].value is None: continue excel_obj.write_cell_value( int(test_step_row[test_step_id_col_no].value) + 1, test_step_result_col_no, "") excel_obj.write_cell_value( int(test_step_row[test_step_id_col_no].value) + 1, test_step_error_info_col_no, "") excel_obj.write_cell_value( int(test_step_row[test_step_id_col_no].value) + 1, test_step_capture_pic_path_col_no, "") if __name__ == "__main__": test_data_excel_file_path = ProjDirPath + "\\TestData\\126邮箱联系人.xlsx" print(get_test_case_sheet(test_data_excel_file_path)) execute(test_data_excel_file_path,2,"登录")
原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/ff-gaofeng/p/12090688.html
