C中的条件语句


条件语句也称为分支语句。他们之所以这么称呼,是因为该计划选择跟随一个或另一个分支。

如果声明

这是条件语句的最简单形式。它由一个布尔表达式后跟一个或多个语句组成。如果布尔表达式的计算结果为 true ,那么将执行 'if'语句中的代码块。如果布尔表达式的计算结果为 false ,那么将执行'if'语句结束后(在结束大括号之后)的第一组代码。

C编程语言 将任何非零和非空值假定为true ,如果它 为零或null,则将其假定为false 值。

句法

if(boolean_expression)
 {
    //Block of Statements executed when boolean_expression is true
 }

int a = 100;
 if(a < 200)
 {
    printf("a is less than 200\n" );
 }

结果

a is less than 200

2.如果......其他声明

如果布尔表达式的计算结果为true ,则执行if块,否则执行else块。

句法

if(boolean_expression)
 {
    //Block of Statements executed when boolean_expression is true
 }
 else
 {
    //Block of Statements executed when boolean_expression is false
 }

int a = 300;
 if(a < 200)
 {
    printf("a is less than 200\n" );
 }
 else
 {
    printf("a is more than 200\n");
 }

结果

a is more than 200

3. if ... else if else注释

当使用if ... else if..else语句时,要记住几点 -

  • 一个 if 可以有0或者其他的, 如果是的话 ,它必须在其他任何地方之后
  • 一个 if 可以 有零到多个,如果 是,他们 必须在其他之前
  • 一旦 else 成功,其余的其他if或者其他都将被测试。

句法

if(boolean_expression_1)
 {
    //Block of Statements executed when boolean_expression_1 is true
 }
 else if(boolean_expression_2)
 {
    //Block of Statements executed when boolean_expression_1 is false and boolean_expression_2 is true
 }
 else if(boolean_expression_3)
 {
    //Block of Statements executed when both boolean_expression_1 and boolean_expression_2 are false and boolean_expression_3 is true
 }
 else
 {
    //Block of Statements executed when all boolean_expression_1, boolean_expression_2 and boolean_expression_3 are false
 }

int a = 300;
 if(a == 100)
 {
    printf("a is equal to 100\n" );
 }
 else if(a == 200)
 {
    printf("a is equal to 200\n");
 }
 else if(a == 300)
 {
    printf("a is equal to 300\n");
 }
 else
 {
    printf("a is more than 300\n");
 }

结果

a is equal to 300

4.嵌套if语句

嵌套if-else语句在C编程中总是合法的,这意味着你可以在另一个if或else if语句中使用if或else if语句。

句法

if(boolean_expression_1)
 {
    //Executed when boolean_expression_1 is true
    if(boolean_expression_2)
    {
      //Executed when both boolean_expression_1 and boolean_expression_2 are true
    }
 }

int a = 100;
 int b = 200;
 if(a == 100)
 {
    printf("a is equal to 100\n" );
    if(b == 200)
    {
        printf("b is equal to 200\n");
    }
 }

结果

a is equal to 100
 b is equal to 200

5. Switch Case Statement

如果... else(并非总是),switch语句通常比嵌套更快。此外,switch语句的语法更清晰,易于理解。

开关盒的语法

switch (n)
 {
    case constant1:
        // code to be executed if n is equal to constant1;
        break;

    case constant2:
        // code to be executed if n is equal to constant2;
        break;
        .
        .
        .
    default:
        // code to be executed if n doesn't match any constant
 }

当找到与switch表达式匹配的case常量时,程序的控制将传递给与该case相关联的代码块。

在上面的伪代码中,假设n的值等于constant2。编译器将执行与case语句关联的代码块,直到switch块结束,或者直到遇到break语句。

break语句用于防止代码进入下一种情况。

例:

// Program to create a simple calculator
 // Performs addition, subtraction, multiplication or division depending the input from user

 # include <stdio.h>

 int main()
 {

    char operator;
    double firstNumber,secondNumber;

    printf("Enter an operator (+, -, *, /): ");
    scanf("%c", &operator);

    printf("Enter two operands: ");
    scanf("%lf %lf",&firstNumber, &secondNumber);

    switch(operator)
    {
        case '+':
            printf("%.1lf + %.1lf = %.1lf",firstNumber, secondNumber, firstNumber+secondNumber);
            break;

        case '-':
            printf("%.1lf - %.1lf = %.1lf",firstNumber, secondNumber, firstNumber-secondNumber);
            break;

        case '*':
            printf("%.1lf * %.1lf = %.1lf",firstNumber, secondNumber, firstNumber*secondNumber);
            break;

        case '/':
            printf("%.1lf / %.1lf = %.1lf",firstNumber, secondNumber, firstNumber/secondNumber);
            break;

        // operator is doesn't match any case constant (+, -, *, /)
        default:
            printf("Error! operator is not correct");
    }

    return 0;
 }

输出

Enter an operator (+, -, *,): -
 Enter two operands: 32.5
 12.4
 32.5 - 12.4 = 20.1

用户输入的“ - ”运算符存储在运算符变量中。并且,两个操作数32.5和12.4分别存储在变量firstNumber和secondNumber中。

然后,程序的控制跳转到

printf("%.1lf / %.1lf = %.1lf",firstNumber, secondNumber, firstNumber/firstNumber);

最后,break语句结束switch语句。

如果未使用break语句,则执行正确大小写之后的所有情况。

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